What are stem cells?

Stem cells are the body’s raw materials — cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated. Under the right conditions in the body or a laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells.

These daughter cells either become new stem cells (self-renewal) or become specialized cells (differentiation). These cells have a specific function, such as blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle or bone. No other cell in the body has the natural ability to generate new cell types.

What is stem cell therapy (regenerative medicine), and how does it work?

Regenerative medicine, promotes the reparative response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives.

Researchers grow stem cells in a lab. These stem cells are manipulated to specialize into specific types of cells, such as muscle cells, blood cells or nerve cells. The specialized cells can then be implanted into a person. For example, if the person has a torn labrum in the shoulder, the cells could be injected into the labrum. The healthy transplanted cells could then contribute to repairing torn tissue.

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If you would like to read more, follow this link to the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health for a review published in 2020.

Current state of stem cell-based therapies: an overview